Ibha eyisicefe yomugqa wesayithi
Amathuluzi Aphathekayo we-Dongguan njengomkhiqizi ochwepheshile wamathuluzi omshini wesayithi, siklama amathuluzi omshini esizeni, okuhlanganisa umshini obhokayo womugqa ophathwayo, umshini obhekene ne-flange ophathwayo, umshini wokugaya ophathwayo namanye amathuluzi esizeni ngokwezidingo zakho. I-ODM/OEM yamukelekile njengoba kudingeka.
Endaweni eyisicefe ibhanjengengxenye yomshini oyisicefe womugqa ophathwayo, singenza ubude bebha eyisicefe bufike kumamitha angama-2000-12000 ngokuya ngosayizi ohlukile. Futhi ububanzi obuyisicefe bungenziwa ngezifiso kusuka ku-30mm-250mm ngokuya ngesimo sesevisi yesayithi.
Inqubo yokucubungula amabha ayisicefe ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Izinto zokwakha: Okokuqala, ngokuya ngosayizi nokuma kwebha eyisicefe okufanele icutshungulwe, khetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele zokusika izinto.
I-Hammering: Hammer izinto ezisikiwe ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka nokusebenza kwezinto.
I-Annealing: Ngokwelashwa kwe-annealing, ingcindezi nokukhubazeka ngaphakathi kwempahla kuyaqedwa, futhi ipulasitiki nokuqina kwento kuyathuthukiswa.
Ukugaywa kwemishini eqinile: Yenza ukucubungula kwemishini kokuqala, okuhlanganisa ukuphenduka, ukugaya nezinye izinqubo, ukwakha ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwebha eyisicefe.
Ukucisha kanye nokushisa : Ngokwelashwa kokucisha nokushisa, okokusebenza kuthola izici ezinhle zemishini ezihlanganisayo, okuhlanganisa amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu.
Ukuqeda: Ngokugaya nezinye izinqubo, ibha eyisicefe icutshungulwa kahle ukuze kuzuzwe usayizi odingekayo nokunemba komumo.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa: Thuthukisa futhi izici zemishini zezinto futhi unciphise ingcindezi yangaphakathi.
Ukugaya: Yenza ukugaya kokugcina kwebha eyisicefe ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yayo engaphezulu nokunemba kobukhulu.
I-Tempering: I-Tempering yenziwa futhi ukuze kumiswe isakhiwo futhi kuncishiswe ukuwohloka.
I-Nitriding: Ingaphezulu lebha eyisicefe i-nitrided ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bayo nokumelana nokugqoka.
Isitoreji (ukufakwa): Ngemuva kokuthi konke ukucubungula kuqediwe, ibha eyisicefe igcinwa noma ifakwe ngokuqondile ukuze isetshenziswe.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuhlelwa kokwelashwa kokushisa kwamabha ayisicefe
Imigoqo eyisicefe imvamisa yenziwa ngezinto ezinamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela omkhulu, njengensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy engu-40CrMo. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ihlanganisa ukujwayelekile, ukushisa kanye ne-nitriding. Ukujwayela kungalungisa isakhiwo, kwandise amandla nokuqina; ukufudumala kungaqeda ukucindezeleka kokucubungula futhi kunciphise ukuguquguquka; I-nitriding ithuthukisa futhi ukuqina kobuso nokumelana nokugqoka.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile kanye nezixazululo zemigoqo eyisicefe
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile kunqubo yokucubungula ibha eyisicefe zifaka ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza, izindlela zokusika ezinqenqemeni eziningi zingasetshenziswa, njengokusebenzisa i-boring cutter disc, engathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula nokuzinza.
Ukuze ulawule ukuguqulwa, ukwelashwa okufanele kokushisa nokulungiswa kwemingcele yenqubo kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ukwengeza, ukulawula ukuguquguquka ngesikhathi se-nitriding eqinile nakho kubalulekile, futhi ikhwalithi idinga ukuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa nokulungiswa kwenqubo.
Ibha eyisicefeingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zethuluzi lomshini. Ithembele kokhiye abayiziqondiso ezimbili ukuze iqondise futhi iye phambili futhi ihlehle nge-axial ukuze kuzuzwe okuphakelayo kwe-axial. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-spindle engenalutho yenza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ngetorque yokudlulisela ukhiye ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzungezisa. Ibha eyisicefe iwumgogodla wokunyakaza okuyinhloko kwethuluzi lomshini, futhi izinga layo lokukhiqiza linethonya elibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya nokufunda inqubo yokucutshungulwa kwebha eyisicefe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthembeka, ukuzinza kanye nekhwalithi yethuluzi lomshini.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziyisicefe zebha
Ibha eyisicefe iyingxenye eyinhloko yokudluliselwa okuyinhloko futhi idinga ukuba nezakhiwo eziphezulu zemishini ezifana nokumelana nokugoba, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokuqina komthelela. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ibha eyisicefe ibe nokuqina okwanele kumongo kanye nobulukhuni obanele ebusweni. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwe-38CrMoAlA, insimbi yesakhiwo sealloy yekhwalithi ephezulu, kwenza insimbi ibe namandla anele, futhi izakhi ze-alloy ezifana ne-Cr, Mo, ne-Al zingakha isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi esihlakazekile ngekhabhoni futhi sisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ku-matrix. Lapho ingaphansi kokucindezeleka kwangaphandle, idlala umgoqo wemishini futhi iqinisa. Phakathi kwazo, ukungezwa kwe-Cr kungandisa kakhulu ubulukhuni besendlalelo se-nitriding, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwensimbi namandla ayisisekelo; Ukwengezwa kwe-Al kungandisa kakhulu ubulukhuni besendlalelo se-nitriding futhi kucwengisise okusanhlamvu; I-Mo ikakhulukazi iqeda ukufutheka kwensimbi. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuhlola nokuhlola, i-38CrMoAlA ingahlangabezana nezidingo eziyinhloko zokusebenza zamabha ayisicefe futhi njengamanje iyinketho yokuqala yezinto eziyisicefe zebha.
Ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa kokushisa kwebha eyisicefe kanye nomsebenzi
Ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa kokushisa: i-normalization + tempering + nitriding. I-nitriding yebha eyisicefe yisinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokwelapha ukushisa. Ukuze wenze umnyombo oyisicefe ube nezakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini, uqede ukucindezeleka kokucubungula, unciphise ukuwohloka ngesikhathi senqubo ye-nitriding, futhi ulungise isakhiwo sesendlalelo se-nitriding esingcono kakhulu, ibha eyisicefe idinga ukuphathwa kahle ngaphambi kokushisa ngaphambi kwe-nitriding, okungukuthi, ukujwayelekile kanye nokushisa.
(1) Ukujwayela. Ukwenza okujwayelekile ukushisa insimbi ibe ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibalulekile, uyigcine ifudumele isikhathi esithile, bese uyipholisa ngomoya. Isivinini sokupholisa siyashesha kakhulu. Ngemuva kokujwayelekile, isakhiwo esijwayelekile siyi-blocky "ferrite + pearlite", isakhiwo sengxenye sihlanjululwa, amandla nokuqina kuyanda, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuyancipha, futhi ukusebenza kokusika kuyathuthukiswa. Ukusebenza okubandayo akudingekile ngaphambi kokujwayelekile, kodwa ungqimba lwe-oxidation kanye ne-decarburization olukhiqizwa yi-normalization luzoholela ekulimaleni okufana nokwenyuka kwe-brittleness kanye nobulukhuni obanele ngemva kwe-nitriding, ngakho-ke i-process allowance eyanele kufanele ishiywe kunqubo yokujwayelekile.
(2) Ukushisa. Inani lokucubungula ngemuva kokujwayelekile likhulu, futhi inani elikhulu lokucindezeleka kokucubungula imishini lizokwenziwa ngemva kokusika. Ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kokucubungula komshini ngemuva kokucubungula kabi futhi kunciphise ukuguquguquka ngesikhathi se-nitriding, kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukwelashwa kokupholisa ngemuva kokucubungula kabi. Ukushisa ukushisa okuphezulu ngemuva kokucisha, futhi isakhiwo esitholiwe siyi-troostite enhle. Izingxenye ngemva kokushisa zinokuqina okwanele namandla. Izingxenye eziningi ezibalulekile zidinga ukufudumala.
(3) Umehluko phakathi kwesakhiwo se-matrix esijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo se-matrix "esijwayelekile + esishisayo". Isakhiwo se-matrix ngemuva kokujwayelekile siyi-blocky ferrite ne-pearlite, kuyilapho isakhiwo se-matrix ngemuva kokuthi "i-normalizing + tempering" siyisakhiwo esihle se-troostite.
(4) I-Nitriding. I-Nitriding iyindlela yokwelapha ukushisa eyenza ingaphezulu lengxenye libe nobulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka, kuyilapho umgogodla ugcina amandla okuqala kanye nokuqina. Insimbi equkethe i-chromium, i-molybdenum noma i-aluminium izozuza umphumela ongcono kakhulu ngemva kwe-nitriding. Ikhwalithi ye-workpiece ngemva kwe-nitriding: ① Ingaphezulu le-workpiece iyisiliva-grey kanye ne-matte. ② Ukuqina kwendawo yokusebenza kungu-≥1 000HV, futhi ukuqina kwendawo ngemva kokugaya ≥900HV. ③ Ukujula kwesendlalelo se-nitriding ngu-≥0.56mm, futhi ukushona ngemva kokugaya ngu->0.5mm. ④ Ukuguqulwa kwe-nitriding kudinga ukuphuma ≤0.08mm. ⑤ Izinga le-Brittleness 1 kuya ku-2 lifanelekile, elingafinyelelwa ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, futhi lingcono ngemva kokugaya.
(5) Umehluko ngesakhiwo phakathi kwe-“normalizing + nitriding” kanye “nomalizing + tempering + nitriding”. Umphumela we-nitriding "we-normalizing + quenching and tempering + nitriding" ungcono kakhulu kunowo "normalizing + nitriding". Esakhiweni se-nitriding se-“normalizing + nitriding”, kukhona ama-brittle nitrides abumbene futhi aqinile amise njengenaliti, angasetshenziswa futhi njengereferensi yokuhlaziya isenzakalo sokuchithwa kongqimba lwe-nitriding lwemigoqo eyisicefe.
Inqubo yokuqeda imigoqo eyisicefe:
Inqubo: ukuvala → ukujwayela → ukubhoboza kanye nembobo ephakathi nendawo ephendukayo → ukujika → ukucisha nokushisa → ukujika kancane kancane → ukugaya okumahhadla kwendilinga engaphandle → ukugaya kanzima kwembobo ecijile → ukunwaya → ukugaya umsele ngamunye → ukutholwa kwamaphutha → ukugaya ukhiye → ukugaya okuqinile → ukugaya okuqinile ukugaya kancane kwendilinga yangaphandle → ukugaya kancane kwembobo yangaphakathi → i-nitriding → ukugaya kancane kancane kwembobo ye-taper (ugcina imvume yokugaya) → ukugaya kancane kwendilinga yangaphandle (ugcina imvume yokugaya) → ukugaya ukhiye wokhiye → ukugaya indilinga ngaphandle → ukugaya kancane indilinga yangaphandle → ukupholisha → ukubopha.
Inqubo yokuqeda imigoqo eyisicefe. Njengoba ibha eyisicefe idinga ukuba i-nitrided, izinqubo ezimbili zendilinga yangaphandle yokuqeda kancane zihlelwe ngokukhethekile. I-semi-finishing yokuqala yokugaya ihlelwa ngaphambi kwe-nitriding, inhloso ukubeka isisekelo esihle sokwelashwa kwe-nitriding. Ngokuyinhloko ukulawula ukuvunyelwa kanye nokunemba kwejometri yebha eyisicefe ngaphambi kokugaya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqina kwesendlalelo se-nitriding ngemva kwe-nitriding kungaphezu kuka-900HV. Nakuba i-deformation egobayo incane ngesikhathi se-nitriding, ukuguqulwa ngaphambi kwe-nitriding akufanele kulungiswe, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba kukhulu kunokuguqulwa kwasekuqaleni. Inqubo yethu yefekthri inquma ukuthi imvume yendilinga yangaphandle ngesikhathi sokugaya i-semi-finishing yokuqala ingu-0.07 ~ 0.1mm, futhi inqubo yesibili yokugaya i-semi-finishing ihlelwa ngemva kokugaya kahle kwembobo e-tapered. Le nqubo ifaka umgogodla wokugaya emgodini oqoshiwe, futhi iziphetho ezimbili ziphushwa phezulu. Esinye isiphetho siphusha imbobo emaphakathi yobuso obuncane bokuphela kwebha eyisicefe, futhi enye iphusha imbobo emaphakathi yomgogodla wokugaya. Khona-ke umbuthano wangaphandle ugaywa ngohlaka olusemthethweni lwesikhungo, futhi umgogodla wokugaya awususwa. I-spline grinder iyaphendulwa ukuze igaye ukhiye. Ukugaya okwesibili kokuphela kwendilinga yangaphandle ukwenza ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokugaya okuhle kombuthano wangaphandle kubonise kuqala, ukuze ukunemba kokugaya kahle kokhiye kuzothuthukiswa futhi kuzinze. Ngenxa yokuthi kunesisekelo sokuqeda umbuthano ongaphandle, ithonya kukhiye ngesikhathi sokugaya umbuthano wangaphandle lincane kakhulu.
Ukhiye ucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa i-spline grinder, enye ingxenye ibheke emgodini omaphakathi wobuso obuncane bokugcina bebha eyisicefe futhi enye ibheke embobeni ephakathi nendawo yokugaya. Ngale ndlela, lapho ugaya, ukhiye ubheke phezulu, futhi ukugoba kokugoba kwendilinga yangaphandle kanye nokuqondisa komzila wethuluzi lomshini kuthinta kuphela phansi kwe-groove, futhi kube nomthelela omncane ezinhlangothini ezimbili ze-groove. Uma umshini wokugaya umzila wesitimela usetshenziselwa ukucubungula, ukuguquguquka okubangelwa ukuqondisa komzila wethuluzi lomshini kanye ne-deadweight yebha eyisicefe kuzothinta ukuqondisa kokhiye. Ngokuvamile, kulula ukusebenzisa i-spline grinder ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokuqondisa nokuhambisana kokhiye ongukhiye.
Ukugaya kahle kwendilinga yangaphandle yebha eyisicefe kwenziwa ku-grinder yendawo yonke, futhi indlela esetshenziswayo yindlela yokugaya isikhungo samathuluzi emide.
Ukuphuma kwembobo ene-tapered kuwukunemba okukhulu komkhiqizo ophelile womshini oyisicefe. Izidingo zokugcina zokucutshungulwa kwembobo ecijile yilezi: ① Ukuphuma kwembobo ecijile ukuya kububanzi obungaphandle kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kube ngu-0.005mm ekugcineni kwe-spindle kanye no-0.01mm ku-300mm ukusuka ekugcineni. ② Indawo yokuxhumana yembobo ecijile ingu-70%. ③ Inani lokuma okungaphezulu kwembobo ecijile ngu-Ra=0.4μm. Indlela yokuqeda imbobo ene-tapered: enye iwukushiya isibonelelo, bese kuthintwa kwembobo ene-tapered kufinyelela ekunembeni komkhiqizo wokugcina ngokuzigaya ngesikhathi somhlangano; enye iwukuhlangabezana ngokuqondile nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Imboni yethu manje ithatha indlela yesibili, okuwukusebenzisa ikepisi ukuze ubambe isiphetho esingemuva sebha eyisicefe i-M76X2-5g, sebenzisa ifreyimu ephakathi nendawo ukuze usethe umbuthano wangaphandle φ 110h8MF ekugcineni, sebenzisa i-micrometer ukuze uqondanise umbuthano wangaphandle φ 80js6, futhi ugaye imbobo ecijile.
Ukugaya nokupholishwa kuyinqubo yokugcina yokuqeda ibha eyisicefe. Ukugaya kungathola ukunemba kwe-dimensional ephezulu kakhulu kanye nama-roughness aphansi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, impahla yethuluzi lokugaya ithambile kune-workpiece futhi inesakhiwo esifanayo. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ithuluzi lokugaya insimbi (bheka Umfanekiso 10), elifanele ukucubungula izinto ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kanye nokugaya okuhle, kungaqinisekisa izinga elihle lokugaya kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, futhi ithuluzi lokugaya kulula ukwenza futhi linezindleko eziphansi. Enqubweni yokugaya, uketshezi lokugaya alugcini nje ukudlala indima ekuhlanganiseni ama-abrasives kanye nokugcoba nokupholisa, kodwa futhi kudlala indima yamakhemikhali ukusheshisa inqubo yokugaya. Izonamathela ebusweni bomsebenzi, okwenza ungqimba lwefilimu ye-oxide yakheke ebusweni be-workpiece ngokushesha, futhi ibambe iqhaza ekuhleleni iziqongo ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenzela nokuvikela izigodi ebusweni bomsebenzi. I-abrasive esetshenziswa ekugayeni ibha eyisicefe ingxube ye-corundum powder emhlophe ye-aluminium oxide emhlophe nophalafini.
Nakuba ibha eyisicefe izuze ukunemba okuhle kobukhulu kanye nobulukhuni obusezingeni eliphansi ngemva kokugaya, ingaphezulu layo lishunyekwe ngesihlabathi futhi limnyama. Ngemva kokuba ibha eyisicefe isihlanganiswe ne-spindle engenalutho, amanzi amnyama aphuma. Ukuze kuqedwe isihlabathi sokugaya esishumekwe phezu kwebha eyisicefe, imboni yethu isebenzisa ithuluzi lokupholisha elenziwe mathupha ukuze lipholishe ubuso bebha eyisicefe nge-chromium oxide eluhlaza. Umphumela wangempela muhle kakhulu. Ubuso bebha eyisicefe bugqamile, bubuhle futhi bumelana nokugqwala.
Ukuhlolwa kwebha eyisicefe
(1) Hlola ubuqotho. Beka ama-ayina amise okwe-V anobude obulinganayo endaweni yesikhulumi esisezingeni elingu-0. Beka ibha eyisicefe ensimbi emise okuka-V, futhi indawo yensimbi emise okwe-V iku-2/9L we-φ 110h8MF (bheka uMdwebo 11). Ukubekezelela ubuqotho babo bonke ubude bebha eyisicefe ngu-0.01mm.
Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-micrometer ukuhlola i-isometry yamaphoyinti A no-B ku-2/9L. Ukufundwa kwamaphuzu A no-B kungu-0. Khona-ke, ngaphandle kokunyakazisa ibha eyisicefe, linganisa ubude bamaphuzu aphakathi nendawo kanye no-a, b, no-c, bese ubhala amanani; gcina ibha eyisicefe imile, vula ibha eyisicefe ibe ngu-90° ngesandla, futhi usebenzise i-micrometer ukuze ulinganise ubude bamaphuzu a, b, no-c, futhi urekhode amanani; bese uvula ibha eyisicefe 90°, ulinganise ubude bamaphuzu a, b, no-c, bese ubhala amanani. Uma kungekho nelilodwa lamanani atholiwe elidlula u-0.01mm, kusho ukuthi lifanelekile, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
(2) Hlola usayizi, ubuyindilinga, nokuqina. Ububanzi bangaphandle bebha eyisicefe bubhekwa nge-micrometer yangaphandle. Hlukanisa ubude obugcwele bendawo epholishiwe yebha eyisicefe φ 110h8MF ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo ezingu-17, futhi usebenzise i-micrometer yangaphandle ukuze ulinganise ububanzi ngokulandelana kwe-radial a, b, c, no-d, futhi ufake uhlu lwedatha elinganiselwe kuthebula lerekhodi lokuhlola ibha eyisicefe.
Iphutha le-Cylindricity lisho umehluko ngobubanzi ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngokwamanani avundlile etafuleni, iphutha le-cylindricality liqonde ku-0, iphutha ku-b direction ngu-2μm, iphutha ku-c direction ngu-2μm, kanti iphutha ku-d direction ngu-2μm. Uma kucatshangelwa izinkomba ezine zika-a, b, c, kanye no-d, umehluko phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kanye nobuncane iphutha leqiniso le-cylindriality lika-2μm.
Iphutha eliyindingilizi liqhathaniswa namanani emigqeni eqondile yethebula, futhi inani eliphezulu lomehluko phakathi kwamanani liyathathwa. Uma ukuhlolwa kwebha eyisicefe kwehluleka noma enye yezinto idlula ukubekezelelana, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokugaya nokupholisha kuze kudlule.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ithonya lokushisa kwegumbi kanye nezinga lokushisa lomzimba womuntu (elibambe i-micrometer) emiphumeleni yokulinganisa, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuqeda amaphutha obudedengu, ukunciphisa umthelela wamaphutha okulinganisa, nokwenza amanani okulinganisa anembe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma udinga i-esizeni boring barcustomzied, wamukelekile ukuthintana nathi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
